Hard
Multiply Two Polynomials — C++
Full explanation · Time O((n + m) * log(n + m)) · Space O(n + m)
// Time: O((n + m) * log(n + m))
// Space: O(n + m)
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
void fft(vector<complex<double>>& a, bool invert) {
const int n = size(a);
if (n <= 1) {
return;
}
// bit-reversal permutation
for (int i = 1, j = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int bit = n >> 1;
for (; j & bit; bit >>= 1) {
j ^= bit;
}
j ^= bit;
if (i < j) {
swap(a[i], a[j]);
}
}
// Cooley-Tukey fft
for (int len = 2; len <= n; len <<= 1) {
double angle = 2 * PI / len * (invert ? -1 : 1);
complex<double> wlen(cos(angle), sin(angle));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i += len) {
complex<double> w(1);
for (int j = 0; j < len / 2; ++j) {
complex<double> u = a[i + j];
complex<double> v = a[i + j + len / 2] * w;
a[i + j] = u + v;
a[i + j + len / 2] = u - v;
w *= wlen;
}
}
}
// if inverse fft, divide by n
if (invert) {
for (complex<double>& x : a) {
x /= n;
}
}
}
vector<long long> conv(const auto& poly1, const auto& poly2) {
const int n = size(poly1), m = size(poly2);
int sz = 1, tot = n + m - 1;
while (sz < tot) {
sz <<= 1;
}
vector<complex<double>> a(sz), b(sz);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
a[i] = poly1[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
b[i] = poly2[i];
}
fft(a, false);
fft(b, false);
for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
a[i] *= b[i];
}
fft(a, true);
vector<long long> result(tot);
for (int i = 0; i < size(result); ++i) {
result[i] = static_cast<long long>(round(a[i].real()));
}
return result;
}
// fft
class Solution {
public:
vector<long long> multiply(vector<int>& poly1, vector<int>& poly2) {
return conv(poly1, poly2);
}
};