Minimum Time to Collect All Apples in a Tree — Python

# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(n)

import collections


class Solution(object):
    def minTime(self, n, edges, hasApple):
        """
        :type n: int
        :type edges: List[List[int]]
        :type hasApple: List[bool]
        :rtype: int
        """
        graph = collections.defaultdict(list)
        for u, v in edges:
            graph[u].append(v)
            graph[v].append(u)
        
        result = [0, 0]
        s = [(1, (-1, 0, result))]
        while s:
            step, params = s.pop()
            if step == 1:
                par, node, ret = params
                ret[:] = [0, int(hasApple[node])]
                for nei in reversed(graph[node]):
                    if nei == par:
                        continue
                    new_ret = [0, 0]
                    s.append((2, (new_ret, ret)))
                    s.append((1, (node, nei, new_ret)))
            else:
                new_ret, ret = params
                ret[0] += new_ret[0]+new_ret[1]
                ret[1] |= bool(new_ret[0]+new_ret[1])
        return 2*result[0]


# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(n)
class Solution_Recu(object):
    def minTime(self, n, edges, hasApple):
        """
        :type n: int
        :type edges: List[List[int]]
        :type hasApple: List[bool]
        :rtype: int
        """
        def dfs(graph, par, node, hasApple):
            result, extra = 0, int(hasApple[node])
            for nei in graph[node]:
                if nei == par:
                    continue
                count, found = dfs(graph, node, nei, hasApple)
                result += count+found
                extra |= bool(count+found)
            return result, extra
        
        graph = collections.defaultdict(list)
        for u, v in edges:
            graph[u].append(v)
            graph[v].append(u)
        return 2*dfs(graph, -1, 0, hasApple)[0]


# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(n)
class Solution2(object):
    def minTime(self, n, edges, hasApple):
        """
        :type n: int
        :type edges: List[List[int]]
        :type hasApple: List[bool]
        :rtype: int
        """
        graph = collections.defaultdict(list)
        for u, v in edges:
            graph[u].append(v)
            graph[v].append(u)
        
        result = [0]
        s = [(1, (-1, 0, result))]
        while s:
            step, params = s.pop()
            if step == 1:
                par, node, ret = params
                tmp = [int(hasApple[node])]
                s.append((3, (tmp, ret)))
                for nei in reversed(graph[node]):
                    if nei == par:
                        continue
                    new_ret = [0]
                    s.append((2, (new_ret, tmp, ret)))
                    s.append((1, (node, nei, new_ret)))
            elif step == 2:
                new_ret, tmp, ret = params
                ret[0] += new_ret[0]
                tmp[0] |= bool(new_ret[0])
            else:
                tmp, ret = params
                ret[0] += tmp[0]
        return 2*max(result[0]-1, 0)


# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(n)
class Solution2_Recu(object):
    def minTime(self, n, edges, hasApple):
        """
        :type n: int
        :type edges: List[List[int]]
        :type hasApple: List[bool]
        :rtype: int
        """
        def dfs(graph, par, node, has_subtree):
            result, extra = 0, int(hasApple[node])
            for nei in graph[node]:
                if nei == par:
                    continue
                count = dfs(graph, node, nei, hasApple)
                result += count
                extra |= bool(count)
            return result+extra
        
        graph = collections.defaultdict(list)
        for u, v in edges:
            graph[u].append(v)
            graph[v].append(u)
        return 2*max(dfs(graph, -1, 0, hasApple)-1, 0)