Minimum Non-Zero Product of the Array Elements — Python

# Time:  O(min(p, logM))
# Space: O(1)

class Solution(object):
    def minNonZeroProduct(self, p):
        """
        :type p: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        MOD = 10**9+7

        # max_num = 2^p-1
        max_num_mod = (pow(2, p, MOD)-1)%MOD  # max_num % MOD

        # pair_product = max_num-1
        pair_product_mod = (max_num_mod-1)%MOD  # (max_num_mod-1) % MOD

        # since pair_product^MOD % MOD = pair_product_mod^MOD % MOD  = pair_product_mod
        # => pair_product_mod^(MOD-1) % MOD = 1
        # => pair_product_mod^(pair_cnt) % MOD = pair_product_mod^(pair_cnt%(MOD-1)) %MOD
        pair_cnt_mod_m_1 = (pow(2, p-1, MOD-1)-1) % (MOD-1)  # pair_cnt%(MOD-1)

        # the ans is:
        #   max_num * pair_product^pair_cnt % MOD
        # = max_num_mod * pair_product_mod^(pair_cnt_mod_m_1) % MOD
        return (max_num_mod*pow(pair_product_mod, pair_cnt_mod_m_1, MOD)) % MOD